Technologically speaking, immersion defines the degree (from non‐immersive to fully immersive) to which the user is isolated from the real world when interacting with digital environments. Key concepts related to the use and implementation of a VR set‐up are immersion and presence (Riva et al., 2003). In general terms, virtual reality (VR) can be described as ‘an advanced form of human–computer interface that allows the user to interact with and become immersed in a computer‐generated environment in a naturalistic fashion’ (Schultheis & Rizzo, 2001) (p. ![]() On the other side, two emerging VR applications-multisensory body illusions and the use of VR for the modification of attentional biases-even if supported by preliminary data still need further research. On one side, the present review suggests that two VR‐based techniques-VR exposure and reference frame shifting-have a significant research support and provide a possible advantage over traditional cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) for bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. In general, existing findings demonstrate the clinical value of VR. ![]() Specifically, the review presents four clinical approaches based upon VR and their implications in the treatment of eating disorders: VR cue exposure, VR reference frame shifting, VR for correcting body distortions and attentional biases. The present narrative review assesses the existing literature in these areas trying to identify their different levels of clinical evidence. Over the last 25 years, virtual reality (VR) has offered innovative solutions for targeting different key symptoms of eating disorders: from craving to negative emotions, from attentional biases to body dissatisfaction.
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